純堿行業專題(ti)報(bao)道:新能(neng)源接(jie)力增長,純堿行業有望繁榮起來
1純堿:以化學合成為(wei)主的基礎化工原料
1.1純(chun)堿(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)分類:輕純(chun)堿(jian)(jian)和重純(chun)堿(jian)(jian)純(chun)堿(jian)(jian),又稱碳酸鈉、純(chun)堿(jian)(jian)等,是重要的(de)(de)化(hua)工(gong)原料(liao)。在物理(li)性(xing)能(neng)方面,純(chun)堿(jian)(jian)在室溫(wen)下(xia)的(de)(de)外(wai)觀為單(dan)斜針狀晶體(ti)或白色粉(fen)末(mo),易(yi)溶于水(shui),具有一定的(de)(de)吸(xi)水(shui)性(xing)。就(jiu)化(hua)學(xue)性(xing)質而言,純(chun)堿(jian)(jian)可(ke)(ke)分別與酸、堿(jian)(jian)和鹽反(fan)應(ying)。例(li)如(ru),當純(chun)堿(jian)(jian)與氫(qing)(qing)氧化(hua)鈣等堿(jian)(jian)反(fan)應(ying)時,可(ke)(ke)以生成氫(qing)(qing)氧化(hua)鈉,這是工(gong)業(ye)上制備(bei)燒堿(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)常用(yong)方法。大部分純(chun)堿(jian)(jian)廣泛應(ying)用(yong)于工(gong)業(ye),如(ru)輕工(gong)業(ye)、日(ri)化(hua)、石油(you)、國防、建材、醫藥等領域。
純(chun)(chun)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)可分(fen)為輕純(chun)(chun)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)和重純(chun)(chun)堿(jian)(jian)(jian),其(qi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品特性和生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)方法不同。兩者的(de)(de)化學式沒(mei)有(you)區(qu)別,只是物理形式不同。以密度(du)(du)為主要劃分(fen)標(biao)準:輕質(zhi)純(chun)(chun)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)密度(du)(du)為500-600kg/m3,為白色粉末(mo);重質(zhi)純(chun)(chun)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)密度(du)(du)為1000-1200 kg/m3,為白色顆(ke)粒。與輕質(zhi)純(chun)(chun)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)相比,重質(zhi)純(chun)(chun)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)具有(you)更高的(de)(de)密度(du)(du)和更低的(de)(de)吸濕(shi)性。在生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)方法上,可以采用氨堿(jian)(jian)(jian)法或(huo)復(fu)合堿(jian)(jian)(jian)法生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)輕質(zhi)純(chun)(chun)堿(jian)(jian)(jian);重質(zhi)純(chun)(chun)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)可通過水或(huo)輕純(chun)(chun)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)擠壓獲得,或(huo)直接通過天然(ran)純(chun)(chun)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)法
1.2生產。生產工藝:合成堿法、天然堿法