工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)鹽也被稱為(wei)(wei)“氯化(hua)鈉(na)”。工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)鹽在工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)被廣泛使用。它(ta)是化(hua)學工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)Z基(ji)本的原材料(liao)之一(yi),被稱為(wei)(wei)“化(hua)學工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)之母”。基(ji)礎化(hua)工(gong)(gong)主要產(chan)品中(zhong)(zhong)的鹽酸、燒堿、純堿、氯化(hua)銨和氯主要以工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)鹽為(wei)(wei)原料(liao)生產(chan)
工(gong)業(ye)(ye)鹽一般用(yong)于制皂、陶(tao)瓷(ci)、玻(bo)璃生(sheng)產、日用(yong)化工(gong)、石油(you)鉆(zhan)井(jing)、鉆(zhan)井(jing)液、完井(jing)液、,石油(you)化工(gong)脫(tuo)水液、建筑行業(ye)(ye)的早強(qiang)劑、涂料生(sheng)產用(yong)混(hun)凝劑、橡膠行業(ye)(ye)的乳(ru)膠混(hun)凝劑、造(zao)紙行業(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)(he)廢紙脫(tuo)墨添加劑、化工(gong)行業(ye)(ye)的無(wu)機化工(gong)原料和(he)(he)(he)硫酸(suan)鹽去除劑、,海藻酸(suan)鈉(na)凝固(gu)劑可防止和(he)(he)(he)控制小(xiao)麥、蘋果、卷(juan)心(xin)菜等食品防腐劑的腐爛,制備金屬鈉(na)和(he)(he)(he)其他(ta)鈉(na)化合物,鋼熱處(chu)理介質等。鹽還廣泛應用(yong)于水處(chu)理、公(gong)路(lu)除雪(xue)、,制冷和(he)(he)(he)其他(ta)方面(mian)
[工業鹽的危害]
除了工(gong)(gong)業鹽(yan)不含碘之外,很大(da)的危害是它含有過量(liang)的亞硝(xiao)酸鈉(na)(na)。過量(liang)攝(she)入亞硝(xiao)酸鈉(na)(na)后,人(ren)們會出現(xian)全身無(wu)力(li)、頭痛、頭暈(yun)、惡心、嘔吐、腹瀉(xie)、胸悶、呼(hu)吸(xi)困難等癥狀。在嚴(yan)重情況下(xia),血壓會下(xia)降、昏迷和死亡。不僅直接食用(yong)(yong)工(gong)(gong)業鹽(yan)會導致中(zhong)毒,而(er)且食用(yong)(yong)用(yong)(yong)工(gong)(gong)業鹽(yan)腌制的鴨蛋和咸魚也會導致中(zhong)毒。氯化(hua)(hua)鈉(na)(na)的化(hua)(hua)學式為NaCl,其式量(liang)為58.44,由(you)氯離子(zi)和鈉(na)(na)離子(zi)組成。除了氯化(hua)(hua)鈉(na)(na),工(gong)(gong)業鹽(yan)還含有過量(liang)的亞硝(xiao)酸鈉(na)(na)。其化(hua)(hua)學式為NaNO2,式量(liang)為69.00,由(you)亞硝(xiao)酸鹽(yan)離子(zi)和鈉(na)(na)離子(zi)
2組成。性(xing)質:食鹽的性(xing)質相對穩定,水溶液為中性(xing)。亞硝酸(suan)鈉在(zai)干燥條件下相對穩定,但它能(neng)緩(huan)慢吸收氧氣(qi)并(bing)氧化(hua)為硝酸(suan)鈉。水溶液呈堿性(xing)
3。外觀:均為白色。在特殊情況下(xia),食(shi)鹽也可(ke)能顯示(shi)黃色或淺藍色,亞(ya)硝酸(suan)鈉也可(ke)能顯示(shi)淺黃色。它(ta)們都是晶體(ti),在顯微鏡下(xia)幾何形(xing)狀有一定差異,但用肉眼無法分辨。溶解性:亞(ya)硝酸(suan)鈉和(he)食(shi)鹽極易溶于水(shui),易潮(chao)解,無異味
5。味(wei)道:亞硝酸鈉微(wei)咸,鹽(yan)咸,難以通(tong)過味(wei)道來區分。